Here are some steps you can take to debug errors caused by incorrect cell references in formulas:

1. Identify the Error:

* Look for error messages: Excel displays specific error codes like #REF! to indicate a reference issue.
* Check for unexpected results: If the formula output doesn't match your expectation, it might be due to a wrong reference.

2. Review the Formula:

* Double-click the cell containing the formula to enter edit mode.
* Carefully examine the cell references within the formula. Are they spelled correctly? Do they point to the intended cells?

3. Utilize Formula Evaluation Tools:

* F9 Key: Select the cell with the formula and press F9. This recalculates the formula step-by-step, highlighting each referenced cell. If a reference is incorrect, you'll see an error message during evaluation.
* Evaluate Formula Dialog: Go to the "Formulas" tab and click "Evaluate Formula" (or press Alt+T+E). This opens a window where you can step through the formula evaluation process, identifying any reference errors.

4. Check for Common Issues:

* Deleted Cells: If cells referenced in the formula were deleted, you'll get a #REF! error. Consider using absolute references (e.g., $A$1) to avoid this if the referenced cell location shouldn't change.
* Incorrect Sheet References: Ensure you're referencing cells from the correct worksheet, especially when working with multiple sheets.
* Extra Spaces: Even a single extra space in a cell reference can cause errors. Double-check for typos and ensure references are entered correctly.

5. Utilize Tracing Tools:

* Trace Precedents: Highlight the cell with the formula. Go to the "Formulas" tab and click "Trace Precedents." This highlights all cells that directly or indirectly influence the current formula's value. It can help you identify incorrect references within linked formulas.
* Trace Dependents: Similar to Trace Precedents, this option highlights all cells that depend on the value in the current cell. It can be helpful for understanding how a reference error might propagate to other formulas.

6. Consider Relative vs. Absolute References:

* Relative References: By default, Excel uses relative references, which adjust based on where the formula is copied. This can be useful for maintaining consistent calculations across a range.
* Absolute References: Pressing F4 after entering a cell reference in your formula creates an absolute reference (e.g., $A$1). This locks onto the specific cell location regardless of where the formula is copied. Use absolute references when you want the formula to always reference a specific cell, no matter where it's moved.

7. Review Data Validation Rules (Optional):

* If you have data validation rules set on cells referenced in formulas, ensure the rules aren't preventing valid entries that might be causing errors.

By following these steps and using the built-in Excel tools, you should be able to effectively debug errors caused by incorrect cell references in your formulas.