Power Query offers several functions for text manipulation, including uppercasing, lowercasing, and replacing text. Here's a breakdown of how to use them:

Uppercase:

* Function: Text.Upper
* Example: `Text.Upper("hello world")` => "HELLO WORLD"

Lowercase:

* Function: Text.Lower
* Example: `Text.Lower("HELLO WORLD")` => "hello world"

Replace:

* Function: Text.Replace
* Example: `Text.Replace("This is an example", "example", "replacement")` => "This is an replacement"

Explanation:

* Each function takes the text string you want to manipulate as the first argument.
* Text.Upper and Text.Lower simply convert the entire text string to uppercase or lowercase, respectively.
* Text.Replace has three arguments:
* The original text string.
* The substring you want to replace.
* The replacement text you want to insert in place of the substring.

Additional Points:

* You can combine these functions to achieve more complex manipulations.
* For example, `Text.Upper(Text.Replace("This is an Example", "Example", "replacement"))` => "THIS IS AN REPLACEMENT" (converts "replacement" to uppercase after replacing).
* Power Query offers other functions for text manipulation like:
* Text.Trim: Removes leading and trailing spaces from text.
* Text.Start: Extracts a specific number of characters from the beginning of a text string.
* Text.End: Extracts a specific number of characters from the end of a text string.
* Text.Split: Splits text into a list based on a delimiter (e.g., comma, space).

Explore the Power Query M function reference for a complete list of text manipulation functions and their detailed usage: [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powerquery-m/power-query-m-function-reference](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powerquery-m/power-query-m-function-reference)