Here are some steps you can take to troubleshoot errors caused by incorrect cell references in Excel:

Identify the Error:

1. Look for error codes: The first step is to identify the error code displayed in the cell. Common errors related to cell references include:
- #REF! - Indicates a reference points to a deleted cell or range.
- #VALUE! - Occurs when a formula references a cell containing text instead of a number.
- #NAME? - Formula refers to a non-existent cell name.
2. Review the Formula: If there's no error code, examine the formula itself. Look for any typos or inconsistencies in cell references.

Common Mistakes and Fixes:

1. Typos: Double-check for typos in cell references. A single misplaced letter or number can lead to errors.
2. Relative vs. Absolute References: Ensure you're using the correct reference type (relative or absolute) based on your intention. Relative references adjust when copied, while absolute references stay fixed. Press F4 to toggle between relative and absolute references within a formula.
3. Deleted Cells/Rows/Columns: If you accidentally deleted cells, rows, or columns referenced in formulas, you might get errors. Consider using undo (Ctrl+Z) or recovering deleted content if possible. Otherwise, adjust the formula references to match the remaining data.
4. Incorrect Range Selection: Make sure you've selected the correct range of cells when creating a formula. An extra or missing cell can cause issues.
5. Named Ranges: If you're using named ranges, verify they point to the intended cell range. Typos in the range name can lead to errors.

Troubleshooting Techniques:

1. Trace Precedents: Use the "Trace Precedents" feature (Formulas tab) to highlight cells referenced in a formula. This can help visualize where the error might be originating.
2. Evaluate Formula Step-by-Step: Use the "Evaluate Formula" feature (Formulas tab) to step through the formula calculation, showing intermediate results. This can pinpoint where the reference issue disrupts the calculation.
3. Copy and Paste Values: Sometimes, copying and pasting the formula as values can isolate the issue. If the copied value displays correctly, the formula itself might be faulty.

Additional Tips:

- Use clear and descriptive cell names to avoid confusion.
- Consider using keyboard shortcuts like F4 to manage absolute references efficiently.
- If you're working with large datasets, consider using data validation to restrict invalid data entry that might cause reference errors.

By following these steps and techniques, you can effectively troubleshoot and fix errors caused by incorrect cell references in your Excel formulas.