Salesforce offers a variety of field types to accommodate diverse data storage and processing needs. Here's an overview of the primary field types:

- Text: Captures alphanumeric characters. The standard text field allows up to 255 characters. For longer text entries, the Text Area field supports up to 131,072 characters.

- Number: Stores numerical values. Salesforce uses the round half up tie-breaking rule for number fields. For example, 12.345 becomes 12.35 and −12.345 becomes −12.34.

- Date: Records calendar dates without time information.

- Date/Time: Captures both date and time values.

- Checkbox: Represents a boolean value, allowing users to select true or false.

- Currency: Stores monetary amounts, formatted according to the organization's locale settings.

- Email: Holds email addresses, validated to ensure proper format.

- Phone: Stores phone numbers, with validation to ensure proper format.

- Picklist: Provides a predefined list of options for users to select from.

- Picklist (Multi-select): Allows users to select multiple values from a predefined list.

- Percent: Stores percentage values as decimals. For example, entering 0.10 will display as 10%.

- Text (Encrypted): Stores sensitive information in an encrypted format.

- Text Area: Allows users to enter up to 255 characters, displaying on separate lines like a Description field.

- Text Area (Long): Supports up to 131,072 characters, suitable for longer text entries.

- Text Area (Rich): Enables text formatting, including bold, italics, and hyperlinks.

- URL: Stores web addresses, which can be clicked to open in a browser.

- Auto Number: Automatically assigns a unique number to each record, following a specified format.

- Formula: Calculates values based on other fields or expressions. Formula fields can reference other fields, operators, and functions to derive their values.

- Roll-Up Summary: Calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list. You can create a roll-up summary field to display a value.

- Lookup Relationship: Creates a relationship between two records, allowing you to associate them with each other. For example, opportunities have a lookup relationship with cases that lets you associate a particular case with an opportunity.

- Master-Detail Relationship: Creates a relationship between records where the master record controls certain behaviors of the detail record, such as record deletion and security.

Understanding these field types is essential for effectively customizing Salesforce to meet your organization's specific data management requirements.